20/82 tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Pertahanan Keamanan Negara Republik Indonesia’ Law number 1/1998 on ‘Perubahan atas UU no. Kipp, Rita Smith and Susan Rodgers (eds.), Indonesian Religions in Transition, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. 28.ĭepartemen Agama R.I, Amal Bakti Departemen Agama R.I., 3 Januari 1946-3 Januari 1987, Eksistensi dan Derap Langkahnya, Jakarta: Departemen Agama R.I., 1987, pp. A Fiftieth Anniversary Anthology, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1998.Īn-Na’im, Abdullahi A., “Religious Minorities under Islamic Law and the Limits of Cultural Relativism,” in Human Rights Quarterly 9, 1987.īP-7, Bahan Penataran, Jakarta: BP-7 Pusat, 1990, p. Scheinin, Martin, “Article 18” in Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjǿrn Eide, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a Common Standard of Achievement, the Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1999.Īlatas, Ali, “An Indonesian View on Human Rights,” in Barend van der Heijden and Bahia Tahzib-Lie, Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I argue that during the New Order Indonesia, the pendulum on religious freedom swung closer to Islamic view. This paper is aimed at analysing how and where the ‘pendulum’ is swinging between two contrasting views since Indonesia has signed both the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and also the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights.

Though finally Indonesia adopted Pancasila (five pillars) as the state ideology, as a mid-way between the two, final agreement on the problem is from being finalised as debates are still carried out. those who preferred Indonesia as an Islamic state, with a consequence that there is only very limited religious freedom and those who preferred secular state with a wider religious freedom.

There were two contradict opinions on the issue, i.e. One of controversial issues in Indonesia regarding human rights is concerning religious freedom.

Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara pdf